If you make a Linux USB/DVD and boot into that, you would likely be able to tell if its a hardware issue or a windows issue. If Linux has no sound either, your hardware has an issue. If there is sound, maybe windows needs to be reinstalled.
I also had a weird issue over 10 years ago, where my mouse was going bad and causing windows to make disconnection noises and eventually all my USB ports would stop working until I rebooted. I had my computer all boxed up to send for repairs...until I heard the same noises using that mouse on my mom's laptop that I was borrowing. I changed the mouse and I'm still using the same computer today. So sometimes computers do weird things.