LogFAQs > #965382637

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Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum), one of the most toxic plants in North America. All parts of this plant are poisonous by ingestion, contact with the juices, or inhalation of the smoke. It is easily mistaken for wild carrot, wild parsnip, parsley, dill, and similar plants, especially when young (as in above photo). Children have been poisoned using the hollow stems as peashooters and whistles. Hemlock was used as capital punishment in Ancient Greece; Socrates was executed using hemlock. It causes paralysis spreading from the extremities to the core of the body, eventually causing respiratory failure; the victim remains conscious the whole time. There is no antidote.

(Note that Poison Hemlock is not even remotely related to the Hemlock tree (Tsuga sp.), which is non-poisonous)

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Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) is covered with hollow hairs that act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals which cause a painful rash. Dock, which often grows nearby, is considered a folk remedy to counteract the sting. Antihistamines and hydrocortisone can also provide relief. The stinging hairs can be disabled by drying or cooking. Nettles are very nutritious with a flavor similar to spinach. But you should only eat the young plants, once it reaches the flowering stage the leaves develop gritty particles of calcium carbonate called cystoliths, which may cause kidney issues in some people. The plant was also used for its fibers to make a cloth similar to linen, and it can produce a yellow dye.

When the plant is very young it looks quite similar to various types of Mentha.

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Elderberry (Sambucus sp.) produces flowers than can be used to make tea, and berries that are edible if they are cooked. The raw berries contain cyanogenic glycosides, as do the leaves and stems. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, and weakness. I've never heard of any deaths from consuming any part of the Elder. There are a number of antidotes available for cyanide poisoning. Cooking the berries destroys the cyanide.