Current Events > ce i'd like to answer your most pressing questions - AMA

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Harpie
10/12/17 8:44:38 PM
#1:


too much debt? frustrated with how to overcome it? relationship problems? ask away to one of ce's awkward know it all 18 year olds
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weapon_d00d816
10/12/17 8:50:50 PM
#2:


Why can't you hold down a Walmart job?
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Harpie
10/12/17 8:51:47 PM
#3:


weapon_d00d816 posted...
Why can't you hold down a Walmart job?

Because I'm a pretty worthless human being
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Johnny_Nutcase
10/12/17 8:52:11 PM
#4:


I got my tie stuck in my belt sander. What's the best way to overcome this obstacle?
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weapon_d00d816
10/12/17 8:53:44 PM
#5:


Harpie posted...
weapon_d00d816 posted...
Why can't you hold down a Walmart job?

Because I'm a pretty worthless human being

If you hold yourself to higher standards you will perform better. Basically you just pretend you have worth and then you actually will gain it.
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Harpie
10/12/17 8:53:45 PM
#6:


Johnny_Nutcase posted...
I got my tie stuck in my belt sander. What's the best way to overcome this obstacle?

Cut the tie out and consider it a loss

I will keep you in my thoughts and prayers
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Harpie
10/12/17 8:54:24 PM
#7:


weapon_d00d816 posted...
Harpie posted...
weapon_d00d816 posted...
Why can't you hold down a Walmart job?

Because I'm a pretty worthless human being

If you hold yourself to higher standards you will perform better. Basically you just pretend you have worth and then you actually will gain it.

So I have to be cocky?
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Vol2tex
10/12/17 8:56:03 PM
#8:


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weapon_d00d816
10/12/17 8:56:44 PM
#9:


Harpie posted...
weapon_d00d816 posted...
Harpie posted...
weapon_d00d816 posted...
Why can't you hold down a Walmart job?

Because I'm a pretty worthless human being

If you hold yourself to higher standards you will perform better. Basically you just pretend you have worth and then you actually will gain it.

So I have to be cocky?

Not cocky. Not even outwardly confident. Just act as if you're competent and skilled even if you "know" it isn't true and eventually it becomes actually true.
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Harpie
10/12/17 8:57:55 PM
#10:


Vol2tex posted...
What type of art do you like?

cartoony, simple, colorful

ND5Viur
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Vol2tex
10/12/17 9:03:09 PM
#11:


Harpie posted...
Vol2tex posted...
What type of art do you like?

cartoony, simple, colorful

ND5Viur


How about this?

q2RXSH9
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:06:13 PM
#12:


Vol2tex posted...
Harpie posted...
Vol2tex posted...
What type of art do you like?

cartoony, simple, colorful

ND5Viur


How about this?

q2RXSH9

adorable
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Uncle_Drew
10/12/17 9:06:16 PM
#13:


All time favorite movie?
Or if it's too hard to pick just one, then top 3?
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Johnny_Nutcase
10/12/17 9:07:31 PM
#14:


Top 5 bands and Songs?
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GuyCarlPeterson
10/12/17 9:08:06 PM
#15:


Do you go on Tumblr and watch Steven Universe?
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trappedunderice
10/12/17 9:09:17 PM
#16:


Harpie posted...
Vol2tex posted...
What type of art do you like?

cartoony, simple, colorful

ND5Viur

Who painted that?
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You can't beat a classic.
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BlackHorse6969
10/12/17 9:09:52 PM
#17:


is your name Anna?
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:21:56 PM
#18:


Uncle_Drew posted...
All time favorite movie?
Or if it's too hard to pick just one, then top 3?

hmm, I really like the Back to the Furture trilogy ^^

Johnny_Nutcase posted...
Top 5 bands and Songs?

Tame Impala - Let it Happen
Melanie Martinez - Soap
MISSIO - Everybody Gets High
Sabrina Claudio - Orien's Belt
Marina and the Diamonds - Teen Idle

GuyCarlPeterson posted...
Do you go on Tumblr and watch Steven Universe?

Nah I don't watch tv
Or browse Tumblr
:p

trappedunderice posted...
Who painted that?

me lmao

BlackHorse6969 posted...
is your name Anna?

It's not my first name, no
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C_Pain
10/12/17 9:22:47 PM
#19:


wanna be mah gf??
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:23:46 PM
#20:


C_Pain posted...
wanna be mah gf??

Not particularly, I'm still yearning for someone anyways
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Johnny_Nutcase
10/12/17 9:24:24 PM
#21:


So I listened to that Tame Impala song and mann that sucked. What's stopping you from liking good music?
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:25:20 PM
#22:


Johnny_Nutcase posted...
So I listened to that Tame Impala song and mann that sucked. What's stopping you from liking good music?

I dunno I just like psychedelic stuff

whats good music nowadays, that drake rap? is that what these kids are listening to
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Johnny_Nutcase
10/12/17 9:27:13 PM
#23:


Harpie posted...
Johnny_Nutcase posted...
So I listened to that Tame Impala song and mann that sucked. What's stopping you from liking good music?

I dunno I just like psychedelic stuff

whats good music nowadays, that drake rap? is that what these kids are listening to


No. No man.. SHIT NO MAN. I believe you get your ass kicked listening to somethin like that.
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Zeeak4444
10/12/17 9:29:08 PM
#24:


What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:33:27 PM
#25:


Zeeak4444 posted...
What is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?

To begin with, I needed basic kinematic data on African and European swallow species.

left: South African Swallow
right: European Swallow

Although 47 of the 74 worldwide swallow species are found in Africa,1 only two species are named after the continent: the West African Swallow (Hirundo domicella) and the South African Swallow (Hirundo spilodera), also known as the South African Cave Swallow.

Since the range of the South African Swallow extends only as far north as Zaire,2 I felt fairly confident that this was the non-migratory African species referred to in previous discussions of the comparative and cooperative weight-bearing capabilities of African and European swallows.3

Kinematic data for both African species was difficult to find, but the Barn or European Swallow (Hirundo rustica) has been studied intensively, and kinematic data for that species was readily available.

Its a simple question of weight ratios
A 54-year survey of 26,285 European Swallows captured and released by the Avian Demography Unit of the University of Capetown finds that the average adult European swallow has a wing length of 12.2 cm and a body mass of 20.3 grams.4

Because wing beat frequency and wing amplitude both scale with body mass,5 and flight kinematic data is available for at least 22 other bird species,6 it should be possible to estimate the frequency (f ) and amplitude (A) of the European Swallow by a comparison with similar species. With those two numbers, it will be possible to estimate airspeed (U).

In order to maintain airspeed velocity, a swallow needs to beat its wings forty-three times every second, right?
Actually, wrong. By comparing the European Swallow with bird species of similar body mass, we can estimate that the swallow beats its wings 18 times a second with an amplitude of 18 cm:

SpeciesBody massFrequencyAmplitude
Zebra Finch13 g27 Hz11 cm
European Swallow20 g 18 Hz? 18 cm?
Downy Woodpecker27 g14 Hz29 cm
Budgerigar34 g14 Hz15 cm

Note that even the tiny Zebra Finch flaps its wings no more than 27 times a second while cruising.

If we ignore body mass and look only at bird species with a similar wingspan, we can estimate an average frequency of 14 beats per second and an amplitude of 23 cm:

SpeciesWingspanFrequencyAmplitude
Budgerigar27 cm14 Hz15 cm
European Swallow 2830 cm 14 Hz? 23 cm?
Downy Woodpecker31 cm14 Hz29 cm
European Starling35 cm14 Hz26 cm

By averaging all 6 values, we can estimate that an average European Swallow flies at cruising speed with a frequency of roughly 15 beats per second, and an amplitude of roughly 22 cm.
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:33:36 PM
#26:


Skip a bit, Brother
Last months article on The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight showed how simplified flight waveforms that graph amplitude versus wavelength can be useful for visualizing the Strouhal ratio (fA/U), a dimensionless parameter that tends to fall in the range of 0.20.4 during efficient cruising flight.

For a European Swallow flying with our estimated wingbeat amplitude of 24 cm, the predicted pattern of cruising flight ranges from a Strouhal number (St) of 0.2:

... to a less efficient 0.4:

If the first diagram (St = 0.2) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be roughly 16 meters per second (15 beats per second * 1.1 meters per beat). If the second diagram (St = 0.4) is accurate, then the cruising speed of the European Swallow would be closer to 8 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.55 meters per beat).

If we settle on an intermediate Strouhal value of 0.3:

We can estimate the airspeed of the European Swallow to be roughly 11 meters per second (15 beats per second * 0.73 meters per beat).

Three shall be the number thou shalt count
Airspeed can also be predicted using a published formula. By inverting this midpoint Strouhal ratio of 0.3 (fA/U 0.3), Graham K. Taylor et al. show that as a rule of thumb, the speed of a flying animal is roughly 3 times frequency times amplitude (U 3fA).5

We now need only plug in the numbers:

U 3fA
f 15 (beats per second)
A 0.22 (meters per beat)
U 3*15*0.22 9.9
... to estimate that the airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is 10 meters per second.

Oh, yeah, I agree with that
With some further study, it became clear that these estimates are accurate, though perhaps coincidental.

An actual study of two European Swallows flying in a low-turbulence wind tunnel in Lund, Sweden, shows that swallows flap their wings much slower than my estimate, at only 79 beats per second:

Compared with other species of similar size, the swallow has quite low wingbeat frequency and relatively long wings. 7
The maximum speed the birds could maintain was 1314 meters per second, and although the Lund study does not discuss cruising flight in particular, the most efficient flapping (7 beats per second) occurred at an airspeed in the range of 811 meters per second, with an amplitude of 90100 (1719 cm).

And there was much rejoicing
Averaging the above numbers and plugging them in to the Strouhal equation for cruising flight (fA/U = 7 beats per second * 0.18 meters per beat / 9.5 meters per second) yields a Strouhal number of roughly 0.13:

... indicating a surprisingly efficient flight pattern falling well below the expected range of 0.20.4.

Although a definitive answer would of course require further measurements, published species-wide averages of wing length and body mass, initial Strouhal estimates based on those averages and cross-species comparisons, the Lund wind tunnel study of birds flying at a range of speeds, and revised Strouhal numbers based on that study all lead me to estimate that the average cruising airspeed velocity of an unladen European Swallow is roughly 11 meters per second, or 24 miles an hour.
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BignutzisBack
10/12/17 9:33:52 PM
#27:


Why do you think the Unfinished Pyramid of Baka was closed down by the Egyptian authorites in the 1960's and surrounded by a military compund? Why do you think they have literally been filling it with trash by setting it on the sand and letting it blow into the pyramid? They never let archeologists check it out despite it having the only know oval sarcophagus ever found and is the only parallelogram shaped Pyramid in the world? They never let archeologists check it out despite it having the only know oval sarcophagus ever found and is the only parallelogram shaped Pyramid in the world?
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Darkninja42
10/12/17 9:34:36 PM
#28:


Haaaave...you met Ted?
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Zeeak4444
10/12/17 9:36:11 PM
#29:


You're my new hero.
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armandro
10/12/17 9:37:35 PM
#30:


Do you regret the internet yet?
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:38:08 PM
#31:


BignutzisBack posted...
Why do you think the Unfinished Pyramid of Baka was closed down by the Egyptian authorites in the 1960's and surrounded by a military compund? Why do you think they have literally been filling it with trash by setting it on the sand and letting it blow into the pyramid? They never let archeologists check it out despite it having the only know oval sarcophagus ever found and is the only parallelogram shaped Pyramid in the world? They never let archeologists check it out despite it having the only know oval sarcophagus ever found and is the only parallelogram shaped Pyramid in the world?

HkPOzEH
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Harpie
10/12/17 9:40:34 PM
#32:


Darkninja42 posted...
Haaaave...you met Ted?

Wait. No, no no

Zeeak4444 posted...
You're my new hero.

At your service

armandro posted...
Do you regret the internet yet?

No, it brings me memes and cat videos
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