Green is 3 points, Brown is 4
For fouls if you commit a foul you never receive any points for that shot. Potting your cue and a red means you don't get awarded points for the red but it does stay off the table.
I believe hitting the black is -7 not -4.
If your on is yellow and you hit a blue you get -5. You are always penalized the higher ball value.
If you hit a red into another red that does count as potting a red and is worth 1 point.
After all the reds are gone you have to pot the balls in ascending order yes.
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"In the game of chess you can never let your opponent see your pieces."